Chapter 14 · Gunatraya Vibhaga Yoga - The Yoga of the Division of the Three GunasKrishna
Verse 13
श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता अध्याय 14, श्लोक 13
Sanskrit Shloka (श्लोक)
अप्रकाशोऽप्रवृत्तिश्च प्रमादो मोह एव च।
तमस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे कुरुनन्दन॥१३॥
Transliteration
Aprakasho'pravrittish-Cha Pramado Moha Eva Cha.
Tamasy-Etani Jayante Vivriddhe Kuru-Nandana.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय)
अप्रकाशःaprakashahdarkness/dullness
अप्रवृत्तिःapravrittihinactivity
प्रमादःpramadahnegligence
मोहःmohahdelusion
एव चeva chaand also
तमसिtamasiwhen Tamas
एतानिetanithese
जायन्तेjayantearise
विवृद्धेvivriddhehas increased
कुरुनन्दनkuru-nandanaO joy of the Kurus
Hindi Translation (हिन्दी अर्थ)
हे कुरुनन्दन! जब तमोगुण बढ़ता है तब अप्रकाश (अन्धकार), अप्रवृत्ति (निष्क्रियता), प्रमाद और मोह — ये सब उत्पन्न होते हैं।
English Translation
Darkness, inactivity, negligence, and delusion — these arise when Tamas has increased, O joy of the Kurus.
Commentary (टीका)
Tamasic predominance is marked by mental darkness, inability to act or make decisions, carelessness in one's duties, and a pervasive confusion about what is right. Under Tamas, one loses the motivation to improve oneself and sinks into a state of inertia and ignorance. Recognizing these symptoms is the first step to overcoming them.