Chapter 4 · Jnana Karma Sannyasa Yoga - The Yoga of Knowledge and Renunciation of ActionKrishna
Verse 28
श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता अध्याय 4, श्लोक 28
Sanskrit Shloka (श्लोक)
द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे।
स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः॥
Transliteration
Dravya-Yajnas-Tapo-Yajna Yoga-Yajnas-Tatha-Apare.
Svadhyaya-Jnana-Yajnash-Cha Yatayah Samshita-Vratah.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय)
द्रव्ययज्ञाःdravya-yajnahsacrifice of material possessions
तपोयज्ञाःtapo-yajnahsacrifice through austerity
योगयज्ञाःyoga-yajnahsacrifice through yoga
तथाtathaalso
अपरेapareothers
स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाःsvadhyaya-jnana-yajnahsacrifice through study and knowledge
चchaand
यतयःyatayahascetics/strivers
संशितव्रताःsamshita-vratahof strict vows
Hindi Translation (हिन्दी अर्थ)
कुछ लोग द्रव्य-यज्ञ (धन से सेवा), तप-यज्ञ (तपस्या), योग-यज्ञ करते हैं; तथा अन्य कठोर व्रत वाले यति स्वाध्याय और ज्ञान का यज्ञ करते हैं।
English Translation
Some offer their material possessions as sacrifice, some offer austerity, some offer yoga practice, and others of strict vows offer study of scriptures and knowledge as sacrifice.
Commentary (टीका)
Krishna enumerates diverse forms of spiritual practice as different types of yajna: charity (dravya-yajna), penance (tapo-yajna), yoga practice (yoga-yajna), and scriptural study with knowledge cultivation (svadhyaya-jnana-yajna). This inclusive view validates multiple paths of spiritual growth and emphasizes that all sincere spiritual efforts are forms of sacred offering.